Juvenile Delinquency Essays (3043 words) - Criminology, Childhood

Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile Delinquency 4 The current statistics of juvenile delinquency are astounding. I will look at the most recent statistics and a few of the programs implemented to reduce or prevent delinquency. Before delving to deep into juvenile delinquency it is important to consider the definitions of juvenile and delinquent. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary gives two definitions of juvenile: 1. Showing incomplete development, and 2. A young person; one below the legally established age of adulthood (1997). Merriam-Webster defines delinquent as: offending by neglect or violation of duty or law (1997). As a complete definition of juvenile delinquent it is safe to repeat a person below the established age of adulthood that offends by neglect or violation of duty or law (1997). The history of juvenile delinquency had harsh beginnings. Children were viewed as non-persons until the 1700s(Rice 1995). They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. It was believed that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present-day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for childbearing or romance. The infant and child mortality rate was also very high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create an emotional bond with children when there was a strong chance that the children would not survive until adulthood (1995). At the end of the 18th century, The Enlightenment appeared as a new cultural transition. People began to see children as flowers, who needed nurturing in order to Juvenile Delinquency 5 bloom. It was the invention of childhood, love and nurturing instead of beatings to stay in line (1995). Children had finally begun to emerge as a distinct group. It started with the upper class, who were allowed to attend colleges and universities. Throughout all time there has been delinquency. It may not have had the delinquency label, but it still existed. In ancient Britain, children at the age of seven were tried, convicted, and punished as adults. There was no special treatment for them; a hanging was a hanging. Juvenile crime is mentioned as far back as ancient Sumeria and Hammurabi, where laws concerning juvenile offenders first appear in written form (1995). Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine based labor intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making (1995). People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams (1995). There was also a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced and these moveable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper class increased, and stealing became a way of living (1995). These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now separated from the home and during the hard times both parents took jobs. There was also very little for the youths to do, especially when school was not in session. It was then that youths were becoming Juvenile Delinquency 6 increasingly unsupervised. These youths were largely unemployed and without supervision, and with movable goods easily available, stealing became a way of life. The huge influx of people to these urban areas overwhelmed society (1995). The factories could not keep up, and unemployment became a factor, which led to widespread poverty. Poorhouses were created to keep youthful offenders away from trouble. The idea behind them was to take the children of the dangerous (1995) classes out of their dangerous environment (1995). Kids who were thought to be salvageable needed to be saved. The majority of these children were rounded up for the crime of being poor, not because they committed a crime. These houses, sometimes referred to as reform schools, were very harsh. This was contradictory to the ideas that they needed nurturing and

Día de los Muertos Ofrenda - Critique essays

DÃ ­a de los Muertos Ofrenda - Critique essays The altar I will be critiquing is placed in Special Collections at UTPA library. George Gause, UTPA Archivist, lend his collection of DÃ ­a de los Muertos artifacts to be used in the altar and surrounding areas. The special Collections work-studys set up the altar. The altar is three tier high looks as if three crates of different sizes were placed in the bottom. When looking at the altar no one can tell whos dearly departed it is intended for. With no pictures and nothing specific to a gender it is difficult to say which items the departed was fond of. All major areas besides the picture were included by Special Collection work-studys. On all three tiers you find candles the belief is the candle will allow the departed to find their way home. Also found were objects made from sugar or sugar sculpture known as "alfe." You could see these objects in shape of food (mole, chili relleno, fruit, nopales); small coffins with skeletons, and of course, the sugar skull or "calavera" were placed on all tiers of the altar or ofrenda. The only items that could be specific to an individual were the three boxes of Mexican cigarettes, and the food items (mole, chile relleno, fruit nopales) found on the altar. This is done to entice the dead and assure that their souls actually return to take part in the remembrance. In very traditional settings, typically found only in native communities, the path from the street to the altar is actually strewn with petals to guide the returning soul to its altar and the bosom of the family. The deceased could have been in a band or like to listen to Mariachi music. Group of skeleton dressed in Marachis was placed on the altar. The Special Collection work-studys did not just display items on the altar but scattered Dia de los Muertos artifacts through out the room. This particular ofrenda included "papel picado" or Mexican cut-paper with themes relating to Day of...

Current event summery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current event summery - Assignment Example However, this is least likely to cause inflation given the banks are securing money in an attempt to save it because of the universal economic decline. This in itself, is a discouraging factor for the Federal Reserve regarding printing. Also, Debts do not influence economy. Japan makes an example for it as it incurred huge debts from 1997 to 2003. Despite that, consumer prices in Japan declined. Likewise, government in Canada and Belgium did not make use of inflation to rid the load of debts. The general fear of inflation among masses can be fundamentally attributed to the biased consent of economists. Krugman is right in his assertion that economic recession will not cause inflation. I support his argument because he has referred to similar cases of Japan, Belgium and Canada who faced economic decline and incurred debts, yet never inflated the currency. The phobia people suffer from keeps them from investing in business. People should realize the truth and invest in business so that the economy may regain its